Head & Neck Cancer

Description:

Head and neck cancers include cancers that occur in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands. These cancers often originate from the squamous cells lining these areas.

Symptoms:

Persistent sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), lump or sore that doesn't heal, change in voice, ear pain, swelling in the neck, unexplained weight loss, frequent nosebleeds.

Risk Factors:

Tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, pipes), heavy alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, betel nut chewing, poor oral hygiene, exposure to certain chemicals (asbestos, wood dust), radiation exposure.

Prevention:

Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, practicing good oral hygiene, protecting against HPV infection (vaccination), reducing exposure to occupational carcinogens, regular dental check-ups.

Treatment Options:

Surgery (resection, neck dissection), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, rehabilitation (speech therapy, swallowing therapy).

Support Resources:

Head and neck cancer support groups, speech-language pathology services, nutritional counseling, dental care, reconstructive surgery, online communities (Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck Cancer - SPOHNC).